b'INTERNATIONAL WATERSExtensive NetworkLindfors and his colleagues have positioned more"The main idea is you have \'multi-talented\' sondes than 50 YSI EXO multiparameter sondes in 15 to 17that all have the same body and the same software to sites along the pipeline route to continually measurework with," Lindfors notes. "That\'s the biggest benefit, turbidity, oxygen, temperature and salinity. Theand we are able to do the calibrations easily, too."instruments were anchored on the the sea floor, 40 to 90 meters (130 to 295 feet) beneath the surface, to keep them out of the way of traffic.EXO Sonde Platform "The Baltic Sea is used very heavily for commercial shipping," Lindfors notes. "We do everythingKey featuressubmerged so people don\'t know they are there. Software assisted calibration From our point of view, it is safer." On-board quality control system Welded titanium parts & sensor housing Acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) provideBiofouling protection for harsh environmentsdata on currents throughout the water column, and grab samples enable the Luode crew to analyze sediments and benthic fauna. To meet the demands of the sound monitoring protocol, the team deploysself-logging hydrophones. Lindfors and his partners have long experience with YSI instruments, dating back to their academic studies in the 1990s. The evolution of multiparameter sondes has been a great benefit to projects like these,he says. EXO sondes are carefully linked together for easy deployment, while avoiding snags and tangles. Supported by an array of flotation buoys, this chain of sensors will provide water quality data on a range of parameters critical to the success of Nord Stream 2. Antti Lindfors / Luode40 MISSION: WATER'